Microsoft Corporation (NASDAQ: MSFT, NYSE: MSFT) is an American public multinational corporation headquartered in Redmond, Washington, USA that develops, manufactures, licenses, and supports a wide range of products and services predominantly related to computing through its various product divisions. Established on April 4, 1975 to develop and sell BASIC interpreters for the Altair 8800, Microsoft rose to dominate the home computer operating system market with MS-DOS in the mid-1980s, followed by the Microsoft Windows line of operating systems. Microsoft would also come to dominate the office suite market with Microsoft Office. The company has diversified in recent years into the video game industry with the Xbox and its successor, the Xbox 360 as well as into the consumer electronics and digital services market with Zune, MSN and the Windows Phone OS.
The company's initial public offering was held on March 14, 1986. The stock, which eventually closed at US$27.75 a share, peaked at $29.25 a share shortly after the market opened for trading. After the offering, Microsoft had a market capitalization of $519.777 million.[1] Microsoft has subsequently acquired 146 companies, purchased stakes in 61 companies, and made 25 divestments. Of the companies that Microsoft has acquired, 107 were based in the United States. Microsoft has not released financial details for most of these mergers and acquisitions.
Since Microsoft's first acquisition in 1987, it has purchased an average of six companies a year. The company has purchased more than ten companies a year since 2005, and it acquired 18 firms in 2006, the most in a single year, including Onfolio, Lionhead Studios, Massive Incorporated, ProClarity, Winternals Software, and Colloquis. Microsoft has made five acquisitions worth over one billion dollars: Skype (2011), aQuantive (2007), Fast Search & Transfer (2008), Navision (2002), and Visio Corporation (2000).
Microsoft has also purchased several stakes valued at more than a billion dollars. It obtained an 11.5% stake in Comcast for $1 billion, a 22.98% stake in Telewest Communications for $2.263 billion, and a 3% stake in AT&T for $5 billion. Among Microsoft's divestments, in which parts of the company are sold to another company, only Expedia, Inc. was sold for more than a billion dollars; USA Networks purchased the company on February 5, 2002 for $1.372 billion.
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Microsoft's first acquisition was Forethought on June 29, 1987. Forethought was founded in 1983 and developed a presentation program that would later be known as Microsoft PowerPoint.[2]
On December 31, 1997, Microsoft acquired Hotmail for $500 million, its largest acquisition at the time, and integrated Hotmail into its MSN group of services.[3] Hotmail, a free webmail service founded in 1996 by Jack Smith and Sabeer Bhatia,[4] had more than 8.5 million subscribers earlier that month.[5]
Microsoft acquired Seattle-based Visio Corporation on January 7, 2000 for $1.375 billion. Visio, a software company, was founded in 1990 as Axon Corporation, and had its initial public offering in November 1995.[6] The company developed the diagramming application software, Visio, which was integrated into Microsoft's product line as Microsoft Visio after its acquisition.
On July 12, 2002, Microsoft purchased Navision for $1.33 billion. The company, which developed the technology for the Microsoft Dynamics NAV enterprise resource planning software, was integrated into Microsoft as a new division named Microsoft Business Solutions,[7] later renamed to Microsoft Dynamics.[8]
Microsoft purchased aQuantive, an advertising company, on August 13, 2007 for $6.333 billion. Before the acquisition, aQuantive was ranked 14th in terms of revenue among advertising agencies worldwide. aQuantive had three subsidiaries at the time of the acquisition: Avenue A/Razorfish, one of the world's largest digital agencies,[9] Atlas Solutions, and DRIVE Performance Solutions.[10] Microsoft acquired the Norwegian enterprise search company Fast Search & Transfer on April 25, 2008 for $1.191 billion to boost its search technology.[11]
Date | Company | Business | Country | Value (USD) | References |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
July 30, 1987 | Forethought | Computer software | United States | 1,400,000 | [12] |
March 31, 1991 | Consumers Software | Software | Canada | 20,500,000 | [13] |
June 29, 1992 | Fox Software | PC database software | United States | 174,800,000 | [14] |
February 28, 1994 | Softimage | Wholesale 3-D visualization software | Canada | 139,000,000 | [15] |
September 27, 1994 | Altamira Software | Software | United States | — | [16] |
November 1, 1994 | NextBase | Software | United States | — | [17] |
November 15, 1994 | One Tree Software | Software | United States | — | [18] |
February 23, 1995 | RenderMorphics | 3D graphics hardware | United States | — | [19] |
July 10, 1995 | Network Managers | Systems design | United Kingdom | — | [20] |
October 17, 1995 | Blue Ribbon Soundworks | Software | United States | — | [21] |
November 6, 1995 | Netwise | Computer software | United States | — | [22] |
December 12, 1995 | Bruce Artwick Organization | Programming | United States | — | [23] |
January 16, 1996 | Vermeer Technologies | Software | United States | — | [24] |
March 6, 1996 | VGA-Animation Software Div[note 1] | Software | Germany | — | [25] |
March 12, 1996 | Colusa Software | Software | United States | — | [26] |
April 16, 1996 | Exos | Video game controllers | United States | — | [27] |
April 23, 1996 | Aspect Software Engineering | Computer software | United States | 14,150,000 | [28] |
June 11, 1996 | eShop | Software | United States | — | [29] |
June 17, 1996 | Electric Gravity | Electronic games | United States | — | [30] |
November 1, 1996 | Panorama Software Sys-On-Line[note 2] | Software | Canada | — | [31] |
February 3, 1997 | NetCarta | Internet software | United States | 20,000,000 | [32] |
March 3, 1997 | Interse | Internet software | United States | — | [33] |
April 30, 1997 | WebTV Networks | Internet service provider | United States | 425,000,000 | [34] |
May 7, 1997 | Dimension X | Java-based platforms | United States | — | [35] |
June 13, 1997 | Cooper & Peters | Programming | United States | — | [36] |
June 30, 1997 | LinkAge Software | Internet software development | Canada | — | [37] |
August 5, 1997 | VXtreme | Internet video software | United States | — | [38] |
December 31, 1997 | Hotmail | Internet software | United States | 500,000,000 | [39] |
February 23, 1998 | Flash Communications | Enterprise instant messaging software | United States | — | [40] |
April 15, 1998 | Firefly | Relationship management software | United States | 40,000,000 | [42] |
April 28, 1998 | MESA Group | Data sharing software | United States | — | [43] |
August 25, 1998 | Valence Research | Internet software | United States | — | [44] |
November 6, 1998 | LinkExchange | Internet advertising network | United States | 265,000,000 | [45] |
January 11, 1999 | FASA Interactive | Computer game software | United States | — | [46] |
March 4, 1999 | CompareNet | Shopping online | United States | — | [47] |
March 26, 1999 | Numinous Technologies | Software | United States | — | [48] |
April 27, 1999 | Interactive Objects-Digital | Web music software | United States | — | [49] |
April 30, 1999 | Jump Networks | Internet service provider | United States | — | [50] |
June 7, 1999 | ShadowFactor Software | Wholesale computer software | United States | — | [51] |
June 15, 1999 | Omnibrowse | Internet software | United States | — | [52] |
June 28, 1999 | Intrinsa | Defect detection software | United States | 58,900,000 | [53] |
July 1, 1999 | Sendit | Application software | Sweden | 125,420,000 | [54] |
July 7, 1999 | Zoomit | Encryption software | Canada | — | [55] |
July 21, 1999 | STNC | Community software | United Kingdom | — | [56] |
September 19, 1999 | Softway Systems | Computer programming | United States | — | [57] |
October 29, 1999 | Entropic | Software | United States | — | [58] |
January 7, 2000 | Visio Corporation | Wholesale drawing software | United States | 1,375,000,000 | [59] |
February 29, 2000 | Peach Networks | Digital TV services | Israel | — | [60] |
March 17, 2000 | Travelscape | Internet service provider | United States | 89,750,000 | [61] |
April 12, 2000 | Titus Communications | Cable television | United States | 944,800,000 | [62] |
June 19, 2000 | Bungie Software | Computer software | United States | — | [63] |
July 12, 2000 | NetGames | Software | United States | — | [64] |
September 13, 2000 | MongoMusic | Online music search engine | United States | 65,000,000 | [65] |
September 27, 2000 | Pacific Microsonics | Digital audio technology | United States | — | [66] |
March 17, 2001 | Vacationspot | Internet service provider | United States | 70,850,000 | [67] |
April 5, 2001 | Great Plains Software | Business management software | United States | 939,884,000 | [68] |
May 2, 2001 | Intellisol International | Software | Canada | — | [69] |
May 31, 2001 | NCompass Labs | Internet software | Canada | 36,000,000 | [70] |
June 21, 2001 | Maximal Innovative Intelligence | Software | Israel | 20,000,000 | [71] |
July 1, 2001 | Yupi | Online Spanish Portal | United States | — | [72] |
March 11, 2002 | Classic Custom Vacations | Travel agency | United States | 78,000,000 | [73] |
May 22, 2002 | Sales Management Systems | Software | United States | — | [74] |
July 12, 2002 | Navision | Software programming | Denmark | 1,330,000,000 | [75] |
July 29, 2002 | Mobilocity | Computer consulting | United States | — | [76] |
September 10, 2002 | XDegrees | Security software | United States | — | [77] |
September 24, 2002 | Rare | Software and video games | United Kingdom | 375,000,000 | [78] |
December 13, 2002 | Vicinity | Online enterprise location | United States | 95,849,000 | [79] |
February 25, 2003 | Connectix | Software | United States | — | [80] |
March 3, 2003 | DCG | Internet software | Australia | — | [81] |
April 30, 2003 | PlaceWare | Web conferencing | United States | 200,000,000 | [82] |
May 27, 2003 | G.A. Sullivan | Information technology | United States | — | [83] |
June 10, 2003 | GeCAD Software | Antivirus technology | Romania | — | [84] |
August 29, 2003 | 3DO Co-High Heat Baseball | Software | United States | 450,000 | [85] |
April 22, 2004 | Encore Bus Solutions-IP Asts | IP assets | United States | — | [86] |
April 26, 2004 | ActiveViews | Reporting systems | United States | — | [87] |
July 16, 2004 | Lookout Software | Personal search tool | United States | — | [88] |
December 16, 2004 | GIANT Company Software | Anti-spyware | United States | — | [89] |
March 2, 2005 | en'tegrate | Software | United States | — | [90] |
April 9, 2005 | Groove Networks | Community software | United States | — | [91] |
May 11, 2005 | MessageCast | Messaging | United States | 7,000,000 | [92] |
May 31, 2005 | Tsinghua-Shenxun-Cert Asts | Certain assets | China | 15,000,000 | [93] |
June 21, 2005 | Sybari Software | Software | United States | — | [94] |
August 29, 2005 | Teleo | VoIP | United States | — | [95] |
August 31, 2005 | FrontBridge Technologies | Email protection | United States | — | [96] |
September 19, 2005 | Alacris | Certificate management software | United States | — | [97] |
November 3, 2005 | media-streams.com | Software | Switzerland | — | [98] |
November 17, 2005 | 5th Finger | Mobile | Australia | 3,153,000 | [99] |
January 19, 2006 | UMT-Software and IP Assets | Software | United States | — | [100] |
February 13, 2006 | MotionBridge | Search | France | 17,858,000 | [101] |
February 13, 2006 | Seadragon Software | Software | United States | — | [102] |
March 7, 2006 | Apptimum | Software | United States | — | [103] |
March 7, 2006 | Onfolio | Internet software | United States | — | [104] |
April 6, 2006 | Lionhead Studios | Video games | United Kingdom | — | [105] |
April 26, 2006 | AssetMetrix | Enterprise software | Canada | — | [106] |
May 4, 2006 | Massive Incorporated | Video game advertising | United States | — | [107] |
May 4, 2006 | Vexcel | Mapping software | United States | — | [108] |
May 15, 2006 | DeepMetrix | Web log analysis | United States | — | [109] |
June 6, 2006 | ProClarity | Analysis software | United States | — | [110] |
June 27, 2006 | iView Multimedia | Digital asset management | United Kingdom | — | [111] |
July 17, 2006 | Softricity | application virtualization software | United States | — | [112] |
July 18, 2006 | Winternals Software | Software | United States | — | [113] |
July 26, 2006 | Whale Communications | Applications | Israel | — | [114] |
September 26, 2006 | Gteko | Applications | Israel | — | [115] |
October 2, 2006 | DesktopStandard | Applications | United States | — | [116] |
October 12, 2006 | Colloquis | Natural language software | United States | — | [117] |
March 9, 2007 | Medstory | Internet search engine | United States | — | [118] |
March 26, 2007 | devBiz Business Solutions | Software tools | United States | — | [119] |
May 3, 2007 | ScreenTonic | Advertising and marketing | France | — | [120] |
May 3, 2007 | Tellme Networks | Mobile phone software | United States | — | [121] |
May 9, 2007 | SoftArtisans | Business Intelligence software | United States | — | [122] |
June 4, 2007 | Engyro | Information technology | United States | — | [123] |
June 7, 2007 | Stratature | Master Data Management | United States | — | [124] |
June 29, 2007 | Savvis Inc-Data Centers | Networking | United States | 200,000,000 | [125] |
August 13, 2007 | AdECN | Ad Exchange | United States | — | [126] |
August 13, 2007 | aQuantive | Digital marketing | United States | 6,333,000,000 | [127] |
October 2, 2007 | Jellyfish.com | Search engine | United States | — | [128] |
October 5, 2007 | Parlano | Enterprise messaging software | United States | — | [129] |
October 29, 2007 | Global Care Solutions-Assets | Assets | Thailand | — | [130] |
November 1, 2007 | HOB Business Solutions | Information technology | Denmark | — | [131] |
November 15, 2007 | Musiwave | Mobile music entertainment | France | — | [132] |
December 12, 2007 | Multimap.com | Mapping | United Kingdom | — | [133] |
January 22, 2008 | Calista Technologies | Software | United States | — | [134] |
February 7, 2008 | Caligari Corporation | Software | United States | — | [135] |
February 27, 2008 | YaData | Software | Israel | — | [136] |
March 14, 2008 | Rapt | Advertising yield management software | United States | — | [137] |
March 19, 2008 | Komoku | Rootkit security software | United States | 5,000,000 | [138] |
March 31, 2008 | 90 Degree Software | Business intelligence software | Canada | — | [139] |
April 14, 2008 | Farecast | Online search software | United States | 75,000,000 | [140] |
April 15, 2008 | Danger | Mobile Internet software | United States | 500,000,000 | [141] |
April 25, 2008 | Fast Search & Transfer | Enterprise search | Norway | 1,191,000,000 | [142] |
May 26, 2008 | Kidaro | Software | United States | — | [143] |
June 4, 2008 | Quadreon | Software | Belgium | — | [144] |
June 18, 2008 | Navic Networks | Management software | United States | — | [145] |
June 26, 2008 | Mobicomp | Mobile applications | Portugal | — | [146] |
August 11, 2008 | Powerset | Semantic Search | United States | — | [147] |
September 16, 2008 | DATAllegro | Data software | United States | — | [148] |
September 28, 2008 | Greenfield Online | Search and e-commerce services | United States | 486,000,000 | [149] |
March 1, 2009 | 3DV Systems | Developer of ZCam, a time-of-flight camera | Israel | 35,000,000 | [150] |
May 7, 2009 | BigPark | Interactive online gaming | Canada | — | [151] |
June 1, 2009 | Rosetta Biosoftware | Bioinformatics solutions for life science research | United States | — | [152] |
September 22, 2009 | Interactive Supercomputing | Software | United States | — | [153] |
December 10, 2009 | Opalis Software | Software | Canada | — | [154] |
December 10, 2009 | Sentillion, Inc. | Identity and Access Management Software for Healthcare | United States | — | [155] |
October 6, 2010 | AVIcode, Inc. | .Net monitoring technology | United States | — | [156] |
October 29, 2010 | Canesta, Inc. | 3-D sensing technology | United States | — | [157] |
May 10, 2011 | Skype Communications, S.à r.l. | Telecommunications | Luxembourg | 8,500,000,000 | [158] |
June 7, 2011 | Prodiance | Software | United States | — | [159][160] |
November 22, 2011 | Videosurf | Video search | United States | 100,000,000 | [161] |
Date | Company | Business | Country | Value (USD) | References |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
June 15, 1989 | Santa Cruz Operation[note 3] | Wholesale computer software | United States | — | [163] |
March 18, 1991 | Dorling Kindersley[note 4] | Reference books | United Kingdom | 14,340,000 | [164] |
June 21, 1994 | Stac Electronics | Data compression software | United States | 39,900,000 | [165] |
January 19, 1995 | UUNet | Internet service provider | United States | — | [166] |
May 30, 1995 | Wang Laboratories | Software consulting | United States | 90,000,000 | [167] |
October 12, 1995 | Individual | On-line information retrieval | United States | — | [168] |
April 1, 1996 | Mobile Telecom Technologies[note 5] | Cellular telephones | United States | 25,000,000 | [169] |
April 22, 1996 | Helicon Publishing | Electronic books | United States | — | [170] |
September 9, 1996 | SingleTrac | Software | United States | — | [171] |
October 1, 1996 | WebTV Networks | Internet service provider | United States | — | [172] |
October 28, 1996 | VDOnet | Internet services | United States | — | [173] |
February 3, 1997 | CMGI[note 6] | Direct mail | United States | 20,000,000 | [174] |
February 18, 1997 | Digital Anvil | Computer game software | United States | — | [175] |
March 3, 1997 | Interse | Internet software | United States | — | [176] |
June 30, 1997 | Comcast[note 7] | Cable television | United States | 1,000,000,000 | [177] |
August 6, 1997 | Apple Computer[note 8] | Personal computers | United States | 150,000,000 | [178] |
August 19, 1997 | Progressive Networks[note 9] | Internet software | United States | 30,000,000 | [179] |
September 11, 1997 | Lernout & Hauspie Speech[note 10] | Multilingual software | Belgium | 45,000,000 | [180] |
September 23, 1997 | E-Stamp[note 11] | Internet software | United States | — | [181] |
March 4, 1998 | General Magic | Community software | United States | 6,000,000 | [182] |
March 6, 1998 | WavePhore[note 12] | Radio and television equipment | United States | — | [183] |
June 18, 1998 | Pluto Technologies | Network and storage | United States | — | [184] |
December 14, 1998 | Qwest Communications[note 13] | Telecommunications | United States | 200,000,000 | [185] |
January 6, 1999 | SkyTel Communications[note 14] | Cellular telephones | United States | — | [186] |
January 31, 1999 | United Pan-Europe Comm NV[note 15] | Broadband communities | Netherlands | 300,000,000 | [187] |
February 1, 1999 | NTL[note 16] | Communications | United Kingdom | 500,000,000 | [188] |
February 2, 1999 | Banyan[note 17] | Software | United States | 10,000,000 | [189] |
March 2, 1999 | Dialogic | Computer telephony | United States | 24,200,000 | [190] |
March 8, 1999 | Reciprocal | Copyright protection | United States | — | [191] |
April 1, 1999 | TV Cabo Portugal SA | Cable television | Portugal | 38,600,000 | [192] |
April 10, 1999 | Lernout & Hauspie Speech | Multilingual software | Belgium | 15,000,000 | [193] |
June 8, 1999 | Inprise | Computer software | United States | 125,000,000 | [194] |
June 8, 1999 | NaviSite[note 18] | Internet service provider | United States | — | [195] |
June 19, 1999 | AT&T[note 19] | Telecommunications | United States | 5,000,000,000 | [196] |
June 22, 1999 | Concentric Network | IP-based networks | United States | 50,000,000 | [197] |
July 5, 1999 | WebMD | Web-based health information | United States | 250,000,000 | [198] |
August 20, 1999 | Tuttle Decision Systems | Mortgage pricing information | United States | — | [199] |
August 25, 1999 | Rogers Communications | Radio and television stations | Canada | 405,120,000 | [200] |
December 3, 1999 | Korea Thrunet[note 20] | Internet service provider | South Korea | 36,000,000 | [201] |
December 28, 1999 | Globo Cabo[note 21] | Cable television | Brazil | 126,000,000 | [202] |
December 30, 1999 | Commtouch Software[note 22] | Community security software | Israel | 20,000,000 | [203] |
December 31, 1999 | Gigamedia[note 23] | Internet service provider | Taiwan | 31,470,000 | [204] |
January 24, 2000 | Intertainer | Interactive systems | United States | 56,000,000 | [205] |
January 24, 2000 | VerticalNet[note 24] | Management solutions | United States | 100,000,000 | [206] |
February 23, 2000 | BroadBand Office | Communication | United States | 25,000,000 | [207] |
March 2, 2000 | Ecoss[note 25] | Computer programming | Japan | 46,000 | [208] |
March 13, 2000 | RealNames[note 26] | Internet navigation | United States | — | [209] |
March 14, 2000 | MEASAT Broadcast Network[note 27] | Television broadcasting | Malaysia | 100,000,000 | [210] |
April 14, 2000 | Best Buy | Retail stores | United States | 200,000,000 | [211] |
July 7, 2000 | Telewest Communications[note 28] | Cable television | United States | 2,263,000,000 | [212] |
July 13, 2000 | Blixer Net | Online telecommunications | Italy | — | [213] |
August 4, 2000 | CAIS Internet | Internet access | United States | 40,000,000 | [214] |
October 2, 2000 | Corel Corporation[note 29] | Software | Canada | 89,370,000 | [215] |
November 29, 2000 | Chyron Corporation[note 30] | Digital graphics | United States | 6,000,000 | [216] |
February 12, 2001 | Audible.com | Online audio retail | United States | 10,000,000 | [217] |
July 23, 2001 | Sendo[note 31] | Mobile handset | United Kingdom | — | [218] |
February 14, 2002 | USA Networks[note 32] | Television stations | United States | — | [219] |
November 3, 2005 | ByteTaxi | Software | United States | — | [220] |
October 24, 2007 | Facebook[note 33] | Social network | United States | 260,000,000 | [221] |
April 8, 2008 | OKWave[note 34] | On-line community site | Japan | 2,515,000 | [222] |
June 12, 2008 | Zignals[note 35] | Online trading | Ireland | — | [223] |
Date | Acquirer | Target company | Target business | Acquirer country | Value (USD) | References |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
March 31, 1989 | Steven Ballmer | Microsoft[note 36] | Wholesale computer software | United States | 46,200,000 | [224] |
June 17, 1992 | Microsoft | Microsoft[note 37] | Wholesale computer software | United States | 63,750,000 | [225] |
July 6, 1994 | Microsoft | Microsoft[note 38] | Wholesale computer software | United States | 348,000,000 | [226] |
December 22, 1994 | TCI Technology Ventures | MSN[note 39] | Internet service provider | United States | 125,000,000 | [227] |
November 15, 1996 | Microsoft | MSN[note 40] | Internet service provider | United States | 125,000,000 | [228] |
December 19, 1996 | Proginet | TransAccess | Software | United States | 1,740,000 | [229] |
August 3, 1998 | Avid Technology | Softimage | 3-D visualization software | Canada | 284,295,000 | [230] |
September 21, 1999 | Ticketmaster Online-CitySearch | MSN Sidewalk | Internet city guide | United States | 340,000,000 | [231] |
February 24, 2000 | Electronic Arts | DreamWorks Interactive | Computer programs | United States | — | [232] |
August 10, 2000 | Envoy Communications | Sage Information Consultants | Consulting | Canada | 23,730,000 | [233] |
September 1, 2000 | Jupiter Telecommunications | Titus Communications | Cable television | Japan | — | [234] |
December 31, 2000 | Technology Crossover Ventures | Expedia, Inc.[note 41] | Online travel | United States | 50,000,000 | [235] |
June 26, 2001 | CNBC | MSN MoneyCentral | Financial information | United States | — | [236] |
February 5, 2002 | USA Networks | Expedia, Inc. | Online travel | United States | 1,372,000,000 | [237] |
July 26, 2002 | Liberty Media | Chofu CATV | Cable television | Japan | 16,000,000 | [238] |
August 12, 2002 | Agency.com | KPE Inc-Certain Assets | — | United States | — | [239] |
February 22, 2003 | The Reynolds and Reynolds Company | MSN Autos-Dealerpoint Business | Online auto retail | United States | — | [240] |
October 31, 2003 | Perri Croshaw | HWW Ltd-Women's Money Magazine | Magazines | Australia | — | [241] |
November 4, 2003 | Northgate Information Solutions | PWA Group | Software | United Kingdom | 7,052,000 | [242] |
January 14, 2005 | The Washington Post Company | Slate | Online magazine | United States | — | [243] |
February 28, 2005 | Ubisoft Entertainment | Microsoft Game-Sports Games | Sports games | United States | — | [244] |
August 17, 2006 | Microsoft | Microsoft[note 42] | Wholesale computer software | United States | 20,000,000,000 | [245] |
May 11, 2007 | MacDonald Dettwiler | Vexcel Canada | Mapping software | United States | — | [246] |
September 22, 2008 | Microsoft | Microsoft[note 43] | Wholesale computer software | United States | 36,200,000,000 | [247] |
May 25, 2010 | Phase One | Expression Media | Digital media asset management software | Denmark | — | [248] |
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